Clostridium difficile infection, often referred to as C. difficile infection or CDI, is a health condition caused by the C. difficile bacterium. This bacterium can cause symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to severe inflammation of the colon, and can be particularly dangerous for individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying health conditions. C. difficile infection is typically associated with antibiotic use, as these medications can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the gut, allowing C. difficile to multiply and cause infection. Treatment for C. difficile infection usually involves antibiotics targeted specifically at the bacterium, as well as supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Research in the field of C. difficile infection focuses on understanding the mechanisms of infection, developing more effective treatments, and preventing the spread of the bacterium in healthcare settings. This area of research is important for improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden of healthcare-associated infections.